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The Weakness of Eucharistic Theology

By Matt
Tuesday, July 20th, 2010

Greed, in other words, prohibits faith. But the inverse is also true. For it is in the Christian celebration of the Eucharist that we have the prismatic act that makes possible our recognition that God has given us everything we need.

The Eucharist not only is the proclamation of abundance, but it is the enactment of abundance. In the Eucharist we discover that we cannot use Christ up. In the Eucharist we discover that the more the body and blood of Christ is shared, the more there is to be shared.

The Eucharist, therefore, is the way the Christian Church learns to understand why generosity rather than greed can and must shape our economic relations.

So ends this article by Stanley Hauerwas on greed and the economic crisis. This isn’t really a critique of Hauerwas’ article, but on the apparent weakness of Eucharistic theology in general. Assuming you come from a faith tradition where the Lord’s Supper is understood as a sacrament, whereby something actually happens, rather than an ordinance, which is more along the lines of a memorial act of symbolism, why is it that the Eucharist appears to be so powerless?

I have seen multiple articles, whole books even, which advocate for a Eucharistic theology as an answer to various problems in the world. I’ve even preached a sermon or taught a lesson or two with such emphases. There is supposed theological power in the Eucharist. Hauerwas says that it is through the Eucharist that we are taught about generosity, not through sermons or Bible studies. Can taking communion every Sunday make us more generous people?

It doesn’t appear so. Plenty of other examples of the apparent failure of Eucharistic theology to form Christians could be cited as well.

So, my questions are:

  • Are these theologians off their rocker? Are they making communion into something it isn’t?
  • If not, why isn’t there more power in the Eucharist? Or is it there and we just aren’t noticing it?
  • Or are we missing the interpretive element in our teaching and sermons? Do we need to exegete our practices more for our congregations?

What do you think? Can the Eucharist be a bedrock for mining theological insights for Christian formation?

Categories : Ministry, Theology
Tags : communion, eucharist, Hauerwas, lord's supper

A 4th of July Sermon: The Freedom of a Christian

By Matt
Tuesday, July 6th, 2010

Galatians 6:1-16 & Luke 10:1-11, 16-20
July 4, 2010
Hope Lutheran Church
Matt Cleaver

In case you haven’t noticed, today is the 4th of July. It is the day when our nation celebrates its birth and when we appreciate the qualities that have made the United States of America the unique country that it is today. Besides fireworks, lakes, and cookouts, when most people think of the fourth of July, the one thing that likely comes to mind is freedom. Freedom is perhaps the central, founding principle of our nation. Freedom is what Independence Day is all about. Freedom continues to be at the heart of what it means to be an American. To be an American is to be a free person. Quite simply, to be in America is to know a lot about freedom. We are surrounded by it, live in it, hear about it, and appreciate it. We have holidays like the 4th of July to celebrate it. But freedom is a word that also should strike at us for a different reason. We are Christians, and freedom is also something that is central to our faith. In fact, Martin Luther once wrote a treatise called “On the Freedom of a Christian.” In this treatise, he says this:

A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none.
A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant, subject to all.

He spends the rest of the treatise defending these two seemingly contradictory statements. Basically what he says, and this is very basic, is that Jesus Christ frees us from the slavery of good works. We are not justified by works, but we are justified only by faith in Jesus Christ. Because of that, we are completely free people, not under any sort of law that we must keep in order to earn salvation. Luther says that we are freed from the belief in good works, justification through works. And in this way we are freed from the law. But we are not set free from doing good works. No, Luther says that good works are imperative for the Christian. We must do good works because we are still people who live in this world of flesh and bones. He compares it to food. Perhaps some of you are getting hungry already. Does anyone think that we can exist without food and drink? Absolutely not! But do food and drink justify us before God! Absolutely not! The same is the case with good works. We do not need them for justification, but we shouldn’t dismiss them, either, just like we would not dismiss eating this afternoon on account of the fact that we are already saved by grace alone through faith. If you will go home and eat, then you should also commit yourselves to doing good works. So, a Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none, and a Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant, subject to all.

I think that this sort of paradox is a good thing to keep in mind as we are considering our scripture texts from today on this 4th of July when freedom is at the forefront of our minds. Just because we have been granted certain freedoms does not mean that for us as Christians, that we should exercise them at all times. In our gospel lesson for today Jesus is sending out the disciples two by two to proclaim a message: “The Kingdom of God is near!” We have joint citizenship. We are citizens of the United States of America, but we are also citizens of the City of God. But we are most importantly citizens of the City of God.

As Americans, the ultimate document of freedom for us could likely be considered the Bill of Rights. It outlines what freedoms we have which cannot be revoked. I want to look at some freedoms that are granted to us as citizens of America and compare that with our scripture lessons today.

The 5th amendment says, “No person shall be… deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” In this amendment we are guaranteed the right to keep our own property. All of the things that we have worked hard for are ours. No one else has a right to them. The luxuries that have been afforded by our own hard work cannot be taken from us at a whim. No, in America we are free to keep things for ourselves. We are free to take care of ourselves.

To this, hear these words of Jesus from the Gospel of Luke: “3Go! I am sending you out like lambs among wolves. 4Do not take a purse or bag or sandals; and do not greet anyone on the road.” Jesus tells the seventy-two to lay down all of the things that they have earned for themselves. All of the things that would be helpful for traveling: things like money and a change of clothes, Jesus says to put those things away. For the disciples, they have a different kind of freedom: freedom from property.

The First Amendment guarantees Americans more freedoms, one of them is the freedom of speech. Part of it states: “Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech.” This is the law that allows us to hold opinions and express them without interference. If we want to speak against our government, we are promised the freedom to do so. Of course, it also protects our right to say things that are vile and indecent. It is this freedom which allows pornography to run rampant on the internet.

Does the Christian have freedom of speech? The apostle Paul says this in our lesson from Galatians today in verse 14: “14May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.” For the apostle Paul, there are restrictions posed on Christian speech. We are to boast not of ourselves, our accomplishments, our children, even our church, but we are only to boast in the cross of Jesus Christ. When you think about it, what else is there to talk about? What else is there to boast about? The law of Christ frees us from shallow, empty speech in order that we may speak of things that matter, in order that we can speak of the cross.

The last freedom I want to look at is the freedom of religion, again in the first amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Again we turn to the apostle Paul in Galatians to see what he has to say about our ability to exercise religion freely. In verse two he says: “2Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.” Put simply, Paul says that we are not free to practice our religion however we want. He says that there is a very specific way to practice our faith: to bear one another’s burdens. Paul says that this fulfills the highest law in the land, law that is higher than even the Constitution of the United States: the law of Christ. And what is the law of Christ? In a word: love. We can find no deeper, no more robust practice of love than when we bear the burdens of one another. The law of Christ frees us from selfishness in order that we may experience the joy that can only be found in deep, meaningful relationships, relationships that are not afraid to share burdens with one another.

Many of you know that a member of our church, Gerry Seefeldt, passed away Friday morning. Pastor Joel would normally attend to the family during this time, but obviously he was out of town. Pastor Ryan Mills from Our Redeemer in Grand Prairie told Joel that he would provide pastoral care should it be needed while he was away. Thursday morning I got the call that Gerry was getting very ill and there wouldn’t be much time left. The family requested a pastor to come pray with Gerry and the family in those last hours. So, I called Pastor Ryan. I could have simply told him about the situation and let him handle it. I’m quite untrained in what to do in these situations. I haven’t had much experience with death, and I didn’t think I would be much help. But for some reason I thought that I should go, so I offered to accompany him. I’m glad I went. I saw what it means to bear one another’s burdens while I was with Gerry’s family. Ryan and I went and saw Gerry and Pastor Ryan led us in prayer and scripture reading. We closed with the Lord’s Prayer. One of Gerry’s daughter said that when we were praying the Lord’s Prayer with her that Gerry prayed with us as loud and as clear as she had said anything in the last few days. And then the next morning, Friday, I got the phone call that Gerry had passed away. So for the second time in as many days, Pastor Ryan and I both dropped what we were doing to attend to Gerry and her family. We entered the home, spoke with the family, and prayed again over Gerry’s body and helped the family to say goodbye to their mother. It was a holy moment.

Were Pastor Ryan and I free to do whatever we wanted with our life and with our time on Thursday and Friday? Absolutely not. We were bound by the law of Christ to bear the emotional burden of this death in Gerry’s family. But Pastor Ryan and I would not have it any other way. Were we free to do whatever we wanted? No. But we were free to love this family in their time of grief. It is because of the bond of Christ that we were free to go into a home filled with people whom we had never met and share those moments with them.

The freedom of Christ is like that. It closes some doors in order that we may experience true freedom. My time was not my own this past weekend in order that I could be free to fulfill the law of Christ. We are not free to say anything that we want to say, but we are bound only to boast in the cross of Jesus Christ, because when you get right down to it, anything else is not speech, but just shadows of reality, just wasted breath. We are freed by Jesus Christ to true speech. And the freedom of Jesus Christ frees us from our possessions. So often our possessions own us. The law of Christ helps us lay everything down, to take no purse or bag or sandals with us, but to experience true freedom from the things that occupy so much of our time and energy.

Just as Jesus was very God and had all the rights and privileges of God, he laid them down for our sake (Phil 2). So we too have been afforded many great rights as citizens in the kingdom of America. But there are times when we must lay down our rights and lay down our freedoms, in order that we may be truly free.  We serve the king of kings, the president of presidents. And when we are truly free we can say with the Psalmist and all peoples of the earth today:

Psalm 66:

1 Be joyful in God, all you lands;

sing the glory of his name; sing the glory of his praise.

2 Say to God, “How awesome are your deeds!

Because of your great strength your enemies cringe before you.

3 All the earth bows down before you,

sings to you, sings out your name.”

4 Come now and see the works of God,

how wonderful he is in his doing toward all people.

5 He turned the sea into dry land, so that they went through the water on foot,

and there we rejoiced in him.

6 In his might he rules forever; his eyes keep watch over the nations;

let no rebel rise up against him.

7 Bless our God, you peoples;

make the voice of his praise to be heard,

8 who holds our souls in life,

and will not allow our feet to slip.

Categories : Ministry, Personal
Tags : 4th of July, freedom, sermons

Writing a Sermon on Paper

By Matt
Thursday, October 15th, 2009

I preached this past Sunday, and due to certain circumstances I started writing my sermon on paper. My wife Alicia was interviewing on Friday for a residency next year and I went with her (mostly for the free meals). There were four separate interviews scheduled, so I thought that would give me some good time by myself. I took with me the notes I had made about the text for the week and some paper and a pen so I could write my sermon while she was in her interviews.

Usually, I write my sermons (like most people, I ‘d expect) on the computer. Computers are so much more efficient, right? You can cut and paste, move things around, look up a verse real quick and insert it into the sermon with just a few clicks. So, I wasn’t looking forward to writing my sermon on paper last friday, but I wasn’t going to lug my computer around all day.

When Alicia went into her first interview, I put my head down and started writing my sermon. Her first interview ended up being really short, probably 20 minutes, but in that period of time I wrote, mostly in outline form, over half of my sermon. There was something about putting the pen on the paper with no distractions–no internet, no email, no twitter–that allowed me to focus and think clearly. I wasn’t able to finish the sermon while I was there, so I took what I had written home.

I decided that I would finish writing the sermon on paper, even though I was at home. So, I sat down and cranked out the rest of the sermon in almost no time. Later, I transcribed what I had written to the computer and made a few minor edits, but for the most part I really enjoyed writing a sermon on paper. I’ve heard it said that poets should never write poetry on a computer; it makes the process too technological and removes the organic creativity that comes when stroking a pen across a sheet of paper. Perhaps sermon writing is the same way.

Have you tried writing a sermon in a different method than normal? What were the results?

Categories : Ministry, Uncategorized
Tags : sermon

Inheritance – Sermon on Mark 10:17-31

By Matt
Monday, October 12th, 2009

The following sermon was given yesterday. It is part of a larger series we are doing, but I think it makes sense. This was probably the shortest sermon I ever preached, but after I got finished writing it, I felt like there wasn’t anything else I needed to say. We tried recording it, but it didn’t work, so the manuscript will have to suffice.

Sermon on October 11, 2009
Hope Lutheran Church

Prayer – God, we ask that in your mercy you would give us ears to hear your word this morning. May the words of my mouth and the meditation of all of our thoughts be acceptable in your sight, O Lord our Rock and our Redeemer. Amen

Over the past few weeks, we’ve begun evaluating and describing our church using a popular organizational model that asks: what are our values, what is our mission, how will we measure if we are achieving that mission, and then how will we actually go about carrying it out? Pastor Joel, for the past three weeks has outlined our values, and he begins first with God himself, moves to God’s Word, and then finishes with people. Notice some of the things that are absent: Not buildings, not money, not attendance. These things may be tools we use to carry out our mission and our values, but they are not the beginning point. And that is important, and I think you will see that in the future as we get to how we measure what it is we are doing at Hope Lutheran Church. So, throughout the rest of the discussion about mission, measurement, and how we are going to go about it, we always have to keep in mind our values. In no place along the way can we forsake our values. Everything we do must be in conformity with our values.

Holding on to our values, we are going to begin to talk this week about our mission. What are our goals? Where are we going? What, literally, is our mission? Or maybe more accurately, what is God’s mission. Our Gospel text this week provides us with a good starting place when we begin to consider our mission.

Our gospel begins with a rich young man running up to Jesus and asking what he can do to inherit eternal life. He is concerned with the inheritance that is to come and wants to make sure that he is included in it. What are some of the characteristics of inheritance? First of all, the inheritance exists tangibly in the present. I’ll use myself as a hypothetical example. If I am to receive an inheritance, that inheritance already exists, usually in the form of cash, stocks, real estate, etc. However, it is not in my possession, it is in the possession of my parents. That does not negate the reality that the inheritance already exists, out there somewhere. I could go and count it up and I would get a real number because it exists in hard assets. Secondly, this inheritance has already been secured, and not by myself, but by my parents. I have done nothing on my part to build up the assets that make up my inheritance. Third, inheritances are given solely at the discretion of the benefactor. The heirs can try to do things that will influence the benefactor to give them certain things, or to include themselves in the inheritance, but ultimately who receives the inheritance is at the sole discretion of the benefactor. And fourth, an inheritance is a future event. Though the assets that will one day make up that inheritance will one day be mine, they are not so right now. It is something that will happen in the future.

Hopefully as I am describing these characteristics of inheritance you are seeing the parallels between the inheritance which God promises us through Jesus Christ. The Bible often uses the language of inheritance to describe the gift that we are to one day receive from God on account of Jesus Christ. Hear these words from Hebrews chapter 9:

How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God! For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance—now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.

The rich young man comes to Jesus knowing that he is the one who can help him receive the inheritance. However, he thinks that there is something that he can do to make sure that he receives it. After 2000 years of Christian faith, and about 500 years of Lutheranism, we know that there is nothing we can do earn God’s favor. Jesus surely knew this as well, and so he lists of an impossible list of things that the young man must do: keep the commandments: Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother. Surprisingly, sort of, the young man says that he has kept all of them. Apparently he was not at the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus said over and over again, you have heard it said, but I say to you… “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘Do not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment” “You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’ But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.” This young man doesn’t get it, but notice that Jesus lovingly (v. 21) tries to help him understand.

So, perhaps to drive the point home that this young man can’t do anything, he tells him, “Go, sell everything you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven.” The young man says he can’t do this. But here is my question to you: of the two answers Jesus gives, which is easier: To keep all the commandments or to go sell all of your possessions? It seems clear to me that the easy thing to do is to go and sell everything. That’s a one-time event. Keeping all the commandments is a call to perfection. The point may be that the rich young man can no more keep all of the commandments than he can sell all of his possessions to the poor. There is nothing he can do to receive the inheritance. The disciples also kind of miss the point. After hearing Jesus tell say all these things, they get quite worried: “The disciples were even more amazed, and said to each other, ‘Who then can be saved?’” Jesus again places the emphasis back on grace, saying that “With man this is impossible, but not with God; all things are possible with God.”

Likewise, there is nothing we can do to receive that same inheritance from Jesus. We receive the inheritance only by grace through faith. But here’s the paradox: we are still called to those things that Jesus had said are impossible. We are still called to keep the commandments, not in order to receive the inheritance, but because we have already been promised it. The inheritance frees us to keep God’s commandments.

Think of it this way: let’s say I am guaranteed to receive a $100 million inheritance. Do I need to scrimp and save and worry about my IRA or my 401k and calculate whether or not I will one day have enough money to retire? Of course not! Any amount that I would be able to save on my own would still be miniscule in relation to the inheritance. The inheritance would swallow up and overwhelm any of my work to save up for my own retirement. It would be nothing more than a drop in the bucket.

How much more so does the inheritance that we have been promised to receive free us to act in a different way than if we were trying to do this all on our own? There is no price tag that we can place upon it. In the words of Isaiah (64:6) to try to secure it ourselves leaves us with nothing more than filthy rags.

Because we are guaranteed the inheritance, we are now freed to serve God and serve one another. God has done the work to secure our future, so we are now free to live for others in the present. We are freed to share our inheritance with others.

Here’s why this matters for mission: over the next three weeks we are going to talk about some of the ways which we are called to share this inheritance with others, about what God has called us to. Were going to talk about how the inheritance that God has secured for us breaks into our present world through the church and how we are called with living out of the security of our inheritance and leaving deposits of faith, hope, and love wherever we are and wherever we go. But it we are only freed to do the work that we are called to because God has already secured our inheritance in Jesus Christ. May it be so in our lives and in this church.

Prayer – Almighty God, by your grace grant us the faith to be heirs of your inheritance, that in your promise of life to come we may be freed from the bondage of sin and death to serve you and our neighbor in faith, hope, and love. Be with us as this church strives to live out that calling in faith. In the name of him who has secured our inheritance, Jesus Christ, Amen.

Categories : Ministry
Tags : Mark 10:17-31, sermon

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